∀x.(A(x)→B(x)) ---------------------- A(x)→B(x) [A(x)]1 -------------------------------------- B(x) [¬B(x)]2 --------------------------------------- ⊥ --------------(1) ¬A(x) ∃x.¬B(x) ---------------------------------------------- (2) ¬A(x) ---------------- ∃x.¬A(x)